A Review of Common Cardiovascular Biomarkers

As many factors play a role in the cardiovascular system’s functionality, it is imperative for researchers to consider multiple cardiovascular biomarkers when trying to understand underlying molecular mechanisms and complete cardiovascular functionality. In fields such as pharmacology, toxicology, and physiology in vivo experimental models are required to understand the complete picture of how a new drug, medical device, or alternate therapy affects the body. This whitepaper provides an overview of common cardiovascular biomarkers using preclinical in vivo models.